Dto software

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Our first HU Spot is finally out now! October Updates 0 Comments Good news everyone! Our first HU spot is out now. Really you could refer to these collectively as "Plain Old Objects" but I'm guessing someone didn't like the acronym that produced.

So, what does it mean for an object to be "plain old"? Basically, that it doesn't rely on a specific framework or library in order to function. A plain old object can be instantiated anywhere in your application or in your tests and doesn't need to have a particular database or third party framework involved to function. It's easiest to demonstrate POCOs by showing a counterexample. The following class has a dependency on some static methods that reference a database, making the class wholly dependent on the presence of the database to function.

It also inherits from a type defined in a made up third party persistence framework. Given this class definition, imagine you'd like to unit test some method on Product. You write the test and the first thing you do is instantiate a new instance of Product so you can call its method.

And your test immediately fails because you haven't configured a connection string for the DataHelpers. LoadFromDatabase method to use. This is an example of the Active Record pattern , and it can make unit testing much more difficult. This class is not Persistence Ignorant PI because its persistence is baked right into the class itself, and the class needs to inherit from a persistence-related base class.

One feature of POCOs is that they tend to be persistence ignorant, or at least more so than alternative approaches like Active Record. This Product class is a POCO because it has no dependencies on third-party frameworks for behavior, especially persistence behavior. It doesn't require a base class, especially a base class in another library.

It doesn't have any tight coupling to static helpers. It can be instantiated anywhere without difficulty. It is much more persistence ignorant than the previous example, but it's not entirely ignorant of persistence, since it has an otherwise useless private constructor declaration.

As you can see from the comment, that private parameterless constructor is only there because Entity Framework needs it to instantiate the class when it is reading it from persistence. Privacy policy. Download Completed Project. Right now, our web API exposes the database entities to the client.

The client receives data that maps directly to your database tables. However, that's not always a good idea. Sometimes you want to change the shape of the data that you send to client. In answer to your first question, I don't think were talking about the same thing. Having said that, it well could be. Using the DTO strips out all of the unnecessary stuff. Just depends on the architecture you're going for.

I'm not sure exactly how to answer your second question. Whether its across the wire or not, it's still an object that encapsualtes a bunch of data to be transferred between sub systems, so I'd argue it's a DTO. This can be useful if a method takes more than 4 or 5 parameters.

If your method needs 4 arguments then give it 4, don't create a class just to move an object into method or a class.

Wix, good point. I'd argue however that this is ok if it's semantically correct say if you pass a settings class with properties rather than the properties themselves as values. What you shouldn't do is throw in all the arguments for the sake of passing a single object, since they may very well be unrelated and cause nightmares untangling later on.

DTOs should not be used to encapsulate parameters for methods calls which would make them LocalDTOs , they were introduced in the context of remote interfaces: martinfowler. Show 2 more comments. Tamir Abutbul 6, 7 7 gold badges 21 21 silver badges 48 48 bronze badges. Eric Petroelje Eric Petroelje What you are describing is a LocalDTO: martinfowler. One case where it is useful to use something like a DTO is when you have a significant mismatch between the model in your presentation layer and the underlying domain model.

To me the best answer to the question what is a DTO is that DTO's are simple objects that should not contain any business logic or methods implementation that would require testing. However, when you transfer data eg. SSD 1, 1 1 gold badge 12 12 silver badges 20 20 bronze badges. Thiago Burgos Thiago Burgos 1 1 gold badge 13 13 silver badges 16 16 bronze badges.

Why should business logic be in controllers? Thiago Burgos did you mean "in the services"? From Wikipedia : Data transfer object DTO , formerly known as value objects or VO, is a design pattern used to transfer data between software application subsystems. Liam Dan Dan A value object is not a DTO. Benefits include: Make data transfer more secure Reduce transfer size if you remove all unnecessary data. MrG MrG 51 1 1 bronze badge. All credits goes to Rick-Andreson Production apps typically limit the data that's input and returned using a subset of the model.

A DTO may be used to: Prevent over-posting. Hide properties that clients are not supposed to view. Omit some properties in order to reduce payload size. Flatten object graphs that contain nested objects. Flattened object graphs can be more convenient for clients. Ghodrat Ali.